Functions

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Functions are extensions to expressions that allow data processing and conversion. Here is a list of all defined functions


String functions

concat

Syntax
string concat(dynamic value1, dynamic value2[, .., dynamic valueN])
Returns
Returns a string that is the concatenation of all the supplied values. This function accepts two or more input values.

contains

Syntax
boolean contains(string haystack, string needle)
Returns
Returns true if the needle is found anywhere in the haystack

endsWith

Syntax
boolean endsWith(string haystack, string needle)
Returns
Returns true if haystack ends with the needle

format

A very nice article written by Professor Don Colton, at the Brigham Young University of Hawaii
Syntax
string format(string formatString[, dynamic value1[, .., dynamic valueN]])
Returns
Returns a string that is built based on the formatString with arguments replaced by their corresponding values. Follows the java syntax for printf(). See a quick reference here, or a more detailed reference Reference here.
Each % in the format string represents an argument and corresponds to a value (in order of appearance) in the value list. Each argument can have formatting settings, according to the reference provided.
Example
format('The temperature outside is %.2f degrees Fahrenheit', [Temp sensor:temperature]) outputs The temperature outside is 71.26 degrees Fahrenheit
The %.2f translates to "format as float and use .2 decimal places.

indexOf

Syntax
integer indexOf(string haystack, string needle)
Returns
Returns the character index of the first occurrence of needle inside haystack
Examples
indexOf("hello world", 'l') outputs 2

json

Syntax
string json(dynamic value[, "boolean" pretty])
Returns
Returns the JSON representation of the provided value. If the pretty parameter is true, indentation is added to improve human readability
Examples
json(true) outputs "true"
json(123) outputs "123"
json('Nicole "Nikki" Sawyer') outputs ""Nicole \"Nikki\" Sawyer""
json(myStringList, true) outputs with pretty formatting
"{
  "name": "Jaime",
  "present": true
}"
json(myDeviceList) outputs "[":97e051eb6fea489fa7cf1aaa4cb7c171:",":73d68350942e4555a8c47c36f558681e:"]" since device variables are internally a list of device IDs
"\{"device": {json($currentEventDevice)}, "rooms": \[ {json(activeRoom)}, "Basement" \] \}" building JSON by hand in a webCoRE expression requires any {}[] characters in the JSON to be escaped with a backslash and all dynamic values must use the json() function to safely represent the value

lastIndexOf

Syntax
integer lastIndexOf(string haystack, string needle)
Returns
Returns the character index of the last occurrence of needle inside haystack
Examples
lastIndexOf("hello world", 'l') outputs 9

left

Syntax
string left(string value, integer length)
Returns
Returns the first length characters in value
Examples
left("hello world", 2) outputs he

lower

Syntax
string lower(string value)
Returns
Returns the value but with all lower case letters.
Examples
lower("Hello World") outputs hello world

mid

Syntax
string mid(string value, integer start[, integer count = remaining])
Arguments
start - provides the 0-based index of the first character to copy. If start is negative, the counting starts from the end of value.
count - provides the number of characters to copy from value. If not provided, all of the remaining characters from value are returned, starting with character number start. If count is negative, prior characters are returned.
Returns
Returns a substring of value, count characters long, starting at character number start. Note that the first character in any string has index 0.
Examples
mid("Hello World", 2, 3) outputs llo
mid("Hello World", 2) outputs llo World
mid("Hello World", -5, 2) outputs Wo
mid("Hello World", -1, -3) outputs orl

random

Syntax
dynamic random([integer range | dynamic value1, dynamic value2[, .., dynamic valueN]])
Arguments
range - an integer number representing a range
value1..valueN - any kind of arguments, one will be randomly returned
Returns
Returns a random decimal number between 0 and 1 if no arguments are provided, or a number between 0 and range (inclusive) if a single argument is provided, or a randomly selected argument if two or more arguments are provided.
Examples
random() outputs 0.483 (random decimal)
random(20) outputs 6 (random integer)
random("Hello World", "Good morning", "Hello", "Hi") outputs Hello (randomly selected value)
Tips
To output a random integer between 5 and 20 use (5 + random(15))
To output a random integer between -5 and 20 use (-5 + random(25))

replace

Syntax
string replace(string haystack, string needle1, string replacement1[, .., string needleN, string replacementN])
Returns
Replaces all the occurrences of needle inside haystack with its respective replacement. Multiple pairs of needle/replacement can be provided in one function call.
Regular expressions
Needles support regular expressions when their value starts and ends with a /. For example, '/(\s)/' will match all spaces.
Examples
replace("Hello World", 'World', 'Earth') outputs Hello Earth
replace("Hello World", 'World', 'Earth', 'Hello', 'Hi') outputs Hi Earth
replace("Hello World", 'World', 'Earth', 'Earth', 'Planet') outputs Hello Planet

right

Syntax
string right(string value, integer length)
Returns
Returns the last length characters in value
Examples
right("hello world", 4) outputs orld

startsWith

Syntax
boolean startsWith(string haystack, string needle)
Returns
Returns true if haystack starts with the needle

string

Syntax
string string(dynamic value)
Returns
Returns value as a string.

substr

Alias of mid()

substring

Alias of mid()

title

Syntax
string title(string value)
Returns
Returns the value but in its title case format (each word starts with a capitalized letter).
Examples
lower("Hello there world") outputs Hello There World

upper

Syntax
string upper(string value)
Returns
Returns the value but with all upper case letters.
Examples
upper("Hello World") outputs HELLO WORLD

text

Alias of string()

trim

Syntax
"string" trim("string" value)
Returns
Returns the value with leading and trailing spaces removed
Examples
trim(" Hello World ") outputs Hello World

trimLeft

Syntax
"string" trimLeft("string" value)
Returns
Returns the value with leading spaces removed
Examples
trimLeft(" Hello World ") outputs "Hello World "

ltrim

Alias of trimLeft()

trimRight

Syntax
"string" trimRight("string" value)
Returns
Returns the value with trailing spaces removed
Examples
trimRight(" Hello World ") outputs " Hello World"

rtrim

Alias of trimRight()

urlEncode

Syntax
string urlEncode(dynamic value)
Returns
Returns a string with all characters other than a-z A-Z 0-9 . - * _ + converted to percent encoding for use in a URL
Examples
urlEncode("John's iPhone 8+") outputs "John%27s%20iPhone%208+"
"http://webcore.co/sample?device={urlEncode($currentEventDevice)}&attribute={urlEncode($currentEventAttribute)}&value={urlEncode($currentEventValue)}" ensures that the generated URL is valid even if the event information includes spaces, & signs, or other problematic characters.

encodeURIComponent

Alias of urlEncode()

Numeric functions

avg

Syntax
decimal avg(decimal value1, decimal value2[, .., decimal valueN])
Returns
Returns the mean average of all the values provided.

abs

Syntax
decimal abs(decimal value)
Returns
Returns the absolute value of the argument (e.g., remove negative sign for negative values).

ceil

Syntax
integer ceil(decimal value)
Returns
Returns the immediately higher integer, equivalent to rounding the decimal away from zero.
Examples
ceil(5.6) outputs 6
ceil(-5.6) outputs -6

ceiling

Alias of ceil

decimal

Syntax
decimal decimal(dynamic value)
Returns
Converts value into a decimal. Returns 0 if value is not numeric.

float

Alias of decimal

floor

Syntax
integer ceil(decimal value)
Returns
Returns the integer part of a decimal, equivalent to rounding the decimal towards zero.
Examples
floor(5.6) outputs 5
floor(-5.6) outputs -5

max

Syntax
dynamic max(dynamic value1, dynamic value2[, .., dynamic valueN])
Returns
Returns the maximum of all the values provided. Note: this function works with both numbers and strings.

median

Syntax
dynamic median(dynamic value1, dynamic value2[, .., dynamic valueN])
Returns
Returns the median average of all the values provided. Note: this function works with both numbers and strings.

min

Syntax
dynamic min(dynamic value1, dynamic value2[, .., dynamic valueN])
Returns
Returns the minimum of all the values provided. Note: this function works with both numbers and strings.

number

Alias of decimal

power

Syntax
decimal power(decimal value, decimal exponent)
Returns
Returns the value at the power of exponent

round

Syntax
decimal round(decimal value[, integer precision = 0])
Arguments
precision - the number of decimal places to be retained. If not provided, defaults to 0
Returns
Returns the rounded value with precision decimal places.

sqr

Syntax
decimal sqr(decimal value)
Returns
Returns the squared value, equivalent to value multiplied by itself.

sqrt

Syntax
decimal sqrt(decimal value)
Returns
Returns the square root of value.

stdev

Syntax
decimal stdev(decimal value1, decimal value2[, .., decimal valueN])
Returns
Returns the standard deviation of all the values provided.

sum

Syntax
decimal sum(decimal value1, decimal value2[, .., decimal valueN])
Returns
Returns the sum of sum of all the values provided.

variance

Syntax
decimal variance(decimal value1, decimal value2[, .., decimal valueN])
Returns
Returns the variance of all the values provided.

Boolean functions

bool

Syntax
bool(dynamic value)
Returns
Returns the truth value of the input. Accepts anything as input and will return true if value is either a non-zero number, a non-empty string (with some exceptions, see below), a non-empty device list, a non-empty date/time/datetime

boolean

This is an alias of bool

eq

Syntax
eq(dynamic value1, dynamic value2)
Returns
Returns true if value1 is equivalent to value2

ge

Syntax
ge(dynamic value1, dynamic value2)
Returns
Returns true if value1 is greater than or equal to value2

gt

Syntax
gt(dynamic value1, dynamic value2)
Returns
Returns true if value1 is greater than value2

isBetween

Syntax
isBetween(dynamic value, dynamic startValue, dynamic endValue)
Returns
Returns true if value is greater then or equal to startValue and less than or equal to endValue

isEmpty

Syntax
isEmpty(dynamic value)
Returns
Returns true if value is not set, an empty string, or zero

le

Syntax
le(dynamic value1, dynamic value2)
Returns
Returns true if value1 is less than or equal to value2

lt

Syntax
lt(dynamic value1, dynamic value2)
Returns
Returns true if value1 is less than value2

not

Syntax
not(dynamic value)
Returns
Returns the negated truth state of value. This is the logical negation of bool(dynamic value).

Date and time functions

addDays

Syntax
addDays(datetime value, integer days)
Returns
Returns a datetime that is days days after the value. For negative values of days, it returns a datetime that is days days before value.

addHours

Syntax
addHours(datetime value, integer hours)
Returns
Returns a datetime that is hours hours after the value. For negative values of hours, it returns a datetime that is hours hours before value.

addMinutes

Syntax
addMinutes(datetime value, integer minutes)
Returns
Returns a datetime that is minutes minutes after the value. For negative values of minutes, it returns a datetime that is minutes minutes before value.

addSeconds

Syntax
addSeconds(datetime value, integer seconds)
Returns
Returns a datetime that is seconds seconds after the value. For negative values of seconds, it returns a datetime that is seconds seconds before value.

addWeeks

Syntax
addWeeks(datetime value, integer weeks)
Returns
Returns a datetime that is weeks weeks after the value. For negative values of weeks, it returns a datetime that is weeks weeks before value.

date

Syntax
date(datetime value)
Returns
Returns the date portion of value by stripping off time information.

datetime

Syntax
datetime datetime(dynamic value)
Returns
Tries to convert any value into a datetime. Accepts strings in common date/time formats.


formatDuration

Syntax
string formatDuration(datetime value[, boolean friendly = false[, string granularity = 's'[, boolean showAdverbs = false]]])
Arguments
friendly - false makes the output compact, in the form of 0d 00:00:00.000, while true makes the output more human friendly, in the form of 0 days, 0 hours, 0 minutes, and 0 seconds. Defaults to false.
granularity - represents the smallest time unit to be output. One of d for days, h for hours, m for minutes, s for seconds, or ms for milliseconds. Any time unit below the selected granularity will not be output. Defaults to s
showAdverbs - only affects the friendly output, when true the words in (for future durations - positive input) or ago (for past durations - negative input) are prepended or appended respectively to the output
Returns
Returns a string that represents the duration in a human readable format
Examples
formatDuration(12029) will output 00:00:12
formatDuration(68493, true) will output 1 minute and 8 seconds
formatDuration(68493, false, 'ms') will output 00:01:08.493
formatDuration(68493, true, 'm', true) will output in 1 minute

formatDateTime

Syntax
formatDateTime(datetime value, string)
Known Strings (caSe seNsiTivE)
G, y, M, d, h, H, m, s, S, E, D, F, w, W, a, k, K, z
Examples
Meaning String Sample Code Sample Output Format Range Notes
Era G formatDateTime($now, "G") AD String
Year y formatDateTime($now, "y") 1992 Integer 1970? - ?? Needs confirmation
Year yy formatDateTime($now, "yy") 92 Integer 1970? - ?? Needs confirmation
Month M formatDateTime($now, "M") 3 Integer 1 - 12
Month MM formatDateTime($now, "MM") 03 Integer 01 - 12
Month MMM formatDateTime($now, "MMM") Mar String 3 Letter abbreviation
Month MMMM formatDateTime($now, "MMMM") March String Full word
Day of Month d formatDateTime($now, "d") 29 Integer 1 - 31
Day of Month dd formatDateTime($now, "dd") ?? Integer 01 - 31
Hour h formatDateTime($now, "h") 7 Integer 1 - 12
Hour hh formatDateTime($now, "hh") 07 Integer 01 - 12
Hour (Military) H formatDateTime($now, "H") 22 Integer 0 - 23
Hour (Military) HH formatDateTime($now, "HH") 07 Integer 00 - 23
Minute m formatDateTime($now, "m") 59 Integer 0 - 59
Minute mm formatDateTime($now, "mm") 08? Integer 00? - 59 Needs confirmation
Second s formatDateTime($now, "s") 8 Integer 0 - 59
Second ss formatDateTime($now, "ss") 08 Integer 00? - 59 Needs confirmation
Millisecond S formatDateTime($now, "S") 42 Integer 0 - 999
Millisecond SSS formatDateTime($now, "SSS") 042 Integer 000? - 999 Needs confirmation
Day of Week E formatDateTime($now, "E") Sat String
Day of Week EEEE formatDateTime($now, "EEEE") Saturday String
Day of Year D formatDateTime($now, "D") 362 Integer
Day of Week in Month F formatDateTime($now, "F") 3 Integer IE: 3rd Mon in May
Week in Year w formatDateTime($now, "w") 51 Integer 1 - 54? Needs confirmation
Week in Month W formatDateTime($now, "W") 2 Integer 1 - 6? Needs confirmation
AM/PM a formatDateTime($now, "a") PM String
Hour (alt version) K formatDateTime($now, "K") 7 Integer 0 - 11
Hour (alt Military) k formatDateTime($now, "k") 24 Integer 1 - 24
Time Zone z formatDateTime($now, "z") EDT String
Time Zone zzzz formatDateTime($now, "zzzz") Eastern Daylight Time String


formatDateTime reference doc is here - https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/i18n/format/simpleDateFormat.html


Here are a few combined examples:

Sample Code Sample Output Notes
formatDateTime("August 9, 1995", "EEEE") Wednesday Notice that "datetime value" does not have to be $now
formatDateTime($now, "h:mm a") 8:01 PM
formatDateTime($now, "H:m") 23:55
formatDateTime($now, "EEEE, MMM d, yy") Saturday, Mar 21, '20

.

time

Syntax
time time(datetime value)
Returns
Returns the time portion of value by stripping off date information.

Weather related functions

celsius

Syntax
decimal celsius(decimal value)
Returns
Converts a temperature value from Fahrenheit to Celsius.

dewPoint

Syntax
decimal dewPoint(decimal temperature, decimal relativeHumidity[, string scale = 'F'])
Parameters
scale - optional, one of "C" or "F", corresponding to the temperature range used for temperature. The result will be provided in the same scale. If no scale is provided, the Fahrenheit scale will be used.
Returns
Returns the due temperature for a given temperature and relative humidity

fahrenheit

Syntax
decimal fahrenheit(decimal value)
Returns
Converts a temperature value from Celsius to Fahrenheit.

convertTemperatureIfNeeded

Syntax
decimal convertTemperatureIfNeeded(decimal value, string scaleOfValue)
Parameters
value - the numeric temperature value in units specified by the scaleOfValue parameter
scaleOfValue - one of "C" or "F", corresponding to the known unit of the value parameter
Returns
Converts the temperature value from Celsius to Fahrenheit or vice versa if the scale does not match the location's temperature scale (see $temperatureScale). If the provided unit matches the location's temperature scale the value is returned as-is.

Dynamic

if(condition, valueIfTrue, valueIfFalse)
evaluates a boolean and returns value1 if true, or value2 otherwise
least(values)
returns the value that is least found a series of numeric values
most(values)
returns the value that is most found a series of numeric values
previousValue([device;attribute])
returns the previous value of the attribute

Integers

age([device﹕attribute])
returns the number of milliseconds an attribute had the current value
count(values)
calculates the number of true/non-zero/non-empty items in a series of numeric values
int()
//todo
integer(decimal or string)
converts a decimal value to it's integer value
newer([device﹕attribute],[...], [device﹕attribute], threshold)
returns the number of devices whose attribute had the current value for less than the specified number of milliseconds
older([device﹕attribute],[...], [device﹕attribute], threshold)
returns the number of devices whose attribute had the current value for more than the specified number of milliseconds
previousAge([device﹕attribute])
returns the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since an attribute changed to the previous value. If there is no previous value recorded returns 604800000, which corresponds to 7 days.
Use previousAge([device﹕attribute]) - age([device﹕attribute]) to determine the length of time that the device attribute had the previous value.

Time

time(value)
returns the value as a time type
addSeconds(dateTime, seconds)
adds seconds to time, returns the value as a time type
addMinutes(dateTime, minutes)
adds minutes to time, returns the value as a time type
addHours(dateTime, hours)
adds hours to time, returns the value as a time type
addDays(dateTime, days)
adds days to time, returns the value as a time type
addWeeks(dateTime, weeks)
adds weeks to time, returns the value as a time type
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